[Please note: This information is from the government’s website, in their wording – except the one occasion where we have crossed out a phrase at one point and inserted alternative words.]
Background and scope of guidance
This guidance is
for people, including children, who are at very high risk of severe illness
from coronavirus (COVID-19) because of an underlying health condition, and for
their family, friends and carers. It is
intended for use in situations where the extremely vulnerable person is living
in their own home, with or without additional support. This includes the extremely clinically
vulnerable people living in long-term care facilities, either for the elderly
or persons with special needs.
Shielding is a
measure to protect people who are clinically extremely vulnerable by minimising
all interaction between those who are extremely vulnerable and others. We are strongly advising people with serious
underlying health conditions (listed below) which put them at very high risk of
severe illness from coronavirus (COVID-19) to rigorously follow shielding
measures in order to keep themselves safe.
What do we mean by extremely vulnerable?
People falling into
this extremely vulnerable group include:
Solid organ
transplant recipients
People with
specific cancers:
- people with cancer who are undergoing active
chemotherapy or radical radiotherapy for lung cancer
- people with cancers of the blood or bone
marrow such as leukaemia, lymphoma or myeloma who are at any stage of treatment
- people having immunotherapy or other
continuing antibody treatments for cancer
- people having other targeted cancer
treatments which can affect the immune system, such as protein kinase
inhibitors or PARP inhibitors
- people who have had bone marrow or stem cell
transplants in the last 6 months, or who are still taking immunosuppression
drugs
People with severe
respiratory conditions including all cystic fibrosis, severe asthma and severe
COPD.
People with rare
diseases and inborn errors of metabolism that significantly increase the risk
of infections (such as SCID, homozygous sickle cell).
People on
immunosuppression therapies sufficient to significantly increase risk of
infection.
Women who are
pregnant with significant heart disease, congenital or acquired.
Shielding is for
your personal protection, it is your choice to decide whether to follow the
measures we advise. Individuals who have
been given a prognosis of less than 6 months to live, and some others in
special circumstances, could decide not to undertake shielding. This will be a deeply personal decision. We advise calling your GP or specialist to
discuss this.
The NHS in England has
been contacting people with these conditions to provide further advice.
If you think you
fall into one of the categories of extremely vulnerable people listed above and
you have not received a letter by Sunday 29 March 2020 or been contacted by
your GP, you should discuss your concerns with your GP or hospital clinician.
We understand this
is an anxious time and people considered extremely vulnerable will
understandably have questions and concerns. Plans are being readied to make sure you can
rely on a wide range of help and support.
What you need to know
If you have an
underlying health condition listed above, you are at very high risk of severe
illness as a result of coronavirus (COVID-19) requiring admission to hospital.
Shielding is a
practice used to protect extremely vulnerable people from coming into contact with
coronavirus.
You are strongly
advised to stay at home at all times and avoid any face-to-face contact for a
period of at least 12 weeks from the day you receive your letter. Please note that this period of time could
change.
Visits from people
who provide essential support to you such as healthcare, personal support with
your daily needs or social care should continue, but carers and care workers
must stay away if they have any of the symptoms of coronavirus (COVID-19). You may find this guidance on home care provision useful. All people coming to your home should wash
their hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds on arrival to your
house and often whilst they are there.
You should have an alternative list of people who can help you with your care if your main carer becomes unwell. You can also contact your local council for advice on how to access care.
If you think you
have developed symptoms of COVID-19 such as a new, continuous cough or fever,
seek clinical advice using the NHS 111 online coronavirus service or call NHS 111. Do this as soon as you get symptoms.
If you have someone
else living with you, they are not required to adopt these protective shielding
measures for themselves. They should do
what they can to support you in shielding and they should stringently follow
guidance on social distancing, reducing their contact outside the home. If you care for but don’t actually live with
someone who is extremely vulnerable you should still stringently follow guidance on social distancing.
How do these measures differ from the social distancing guidance for
vulnerable people issued?
You are strongly
advised to stay at home at all times and avoid any face-to-face contact for a
period of at least 12 weeks from the day you receive your letter.
People who are not
clinically extremely vulnerable who have contracted coronavirus (COVID-19) and
recovered will be able to go about their normal business. If you are in this group we strongly advise
that you should remain at home at all times.
Symptoms
The most common
symptoms of coronavirus (COVID-19) are recent onset of:
- new continuous cough and/or
- high temperature (above 37.8 °C)
What is shielding?
Shielding is a
measure to protect extremely vulnerable people by minimising interaction
between those who are extremely vulnerable and others. This means that those who are extremely
vulnerable should not leave their homes, and within their homes should minimise
all non-essential contact with other members of their household. This is to protect those who are at very high
risk of severe illness from coronavirus (COVID-19) from coming into contact
with the virus.
If you think you
have a condition which makes you extremely vulnerable or have received a letter
from NHS England you are strongly advised to shield yourself, to reduce the
chance of getting coronavirus (COVID-19) and follow the face-to-face distancing
measures below.
The measures are:
- Strictly avoid contact with someone who is
displaying symptoms of coronavirus (COVID-19). These symptoms include high
temperature and/or new and continuous cough.
- Do not leave your house.
- Do not attend any gatherings. This includes
gatherings of friends and families in private spaces for example family homes,
weddings and religious services.
- Do not go out for shopping, leisure or
travel and, when arranging food or medication deliveries, these should be left
at the door to minimise contact.
- Keep in touch using remote technology such
as phone, internet, and social media.
Do use telephone or
online services to contact your GP or other essential services.
We know that
stopping these activities will be difficult. You should try to identify ways of staying in
touch with others and taking part in your normal activities remotely, from your
home. However, you must not participate
in alternative activities if they involve any contact with other people.
This advice will be
in place for at least 12 weeks from the day you receive your letter.
What should
you do if you have someone else living with you?
Whilst the rest of
your household are not required to adopt these protective shielding measures
for themselves, we would expect them to do what they can to support you in
shielding and to stringently follow guidance on social distancing.
- Minimise as much as possible the time other
family members spend in shared spaces such as kitchens, bathrooms and sitting
areas, and keep shared spaces well ventilated.
- Aim to keep 2 metres (3 steps) away from
people you live with and encourage them to sleep in a different bed where
possible. If you can, you should use a separate bathroom from the rest of the
household. Make sure you use separate
towels from the other people in your house, both for drying themselves after
bathing or showering and for hand-hygiene purposes.
- If you do share a toilet and bathroom with
others, it is important that they are cleaned after use every time (for
example, wiping surfaces you have come into contact with). Another tip is to consider drawing up a rota
for bathing, with you using the facilities first.
- If you share a kitchen with others, avoid
using it while they are present. If you
can, you should take your meals back to your room to eat. If you have one, use a dishwasher to clean and
dry the family’s used crockery and cutlery. If this is not possible, wash them using your
usual washing up liquid and warm water and dry them thoroughly. If you are using your own utensils, remember
to use a separate tea towel for drying these.
- We understand that it will be difficult for
some people to separate themselves from others at home. You should do your very best to follow this
guidance and everyone in your household should regularly wash their hands,
avoid touching their face, and clean frequently touched surfaces.
If the rest of your
household stringently follow advice on social distancing and minimise the risk
of spreading the virus within the home by following the advice above, there is
no need for them to also shield alongside you.
Handwashing and respiratory hygiene
There are general
principles you should follow to help prevent the spread of airway and chest
infections caused by respiratory viruses, including:
- wash your hands more often – with soap and
water for at least 20 seconds or use a hand sanitiser. Do this after you blow
your nose, sneeze or cough, and after you eat or handle food
- avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth
with unwashed hands
- avoid close contact with people who have
symptoms
- cover your cough or sneeze with a tissue,
then throw the tissue in a bin
- clean and disinfect frequently touched
objects and surfaces in the home
What should you do if you develop symptoms of coronavirus (COVID-19)?
If you develop
symptoms of COVID-19 (high temperature above 37.8 °C and/or new and continuous
cough), seek clinical advice using the NHS 111 online coronavirus service or call NHS111 if you
don’t have internet access. In an
emergency, call 999 if you are seriously ill. Do not visit the GP, pharmacy, urgent care
centre or a hospital. Do this as soon as you get symptoms.
To help the NHS
provide you with the best care if you need to go to hospital as a result of
catching coronavirus, we ask that you prepare a single hospital bag. This should include your emergency contact, a
list of the medications you take (including dose and frequency), any
information on your planned care appointments and things you would need for an
overnight stay (snacks, pyjamas, toothbrush, medication etc). If you have an advanced care plan, please
include that.
How can you get assistance with foods and medicines if you are
shielding?
Ask family, friends
and neighbours to support you and use online services. If this is not possible,
then the public sector, business, charities, and the general public are gearing
up to help those advised to stay at home. Please discuss your daily needs
during this period of staying at home with carers, family, friends, neighbours
or local community groups to see how they can support you. Please visit gov.uk/coronavirus-extremely-vulnerable from Tuesday 24 March 2020 to register for
the support that you need. This includes help with food, shopping deliveries
and additional care you might need.
The government is
helping pharmacies to deliver prescriptions. Prescriptions will continue to
cover the same length of time as usual. If you do not currently have your
prescriptions collected or delivered, you can arrange this by:
- Asking someone who can pick up your
prescription from the local pharmacy, (this is the best option, if possible).
- Contacting your pharmacy to ask them to help
you find a volunteer (who will have been ID checked) or deliver it to you.
You may also need
to arrange for collection or delivery of hospital specialist medication that is
prescribed to you by your hospital care team.
If you receive
support from health and social care organisations, for example, if you have
care provided for you through the local authority or health care system, this
will continue as normal. Your health or
social care provider will be asked to take additional precautions to make sure
that you are protected. The advice for
formal carers is included in the home care provision.
What should you do if you have hospital and GP appointments during this
period?
We advise everyone
to access medical assistance remotely, wherever possible. However, if you have a scheduled hospital or
other medical appointment during this period, talk to your GP or specialist to
ensure you continue to receive the care you need and determine which of these
are absolutely essential.
It is possible that
your hospital may need to cancel or postpone some clinics and appointments. You should contact your hospital or clinic to
confirm appointments.
What is the advice for visitors, including those who are providing care
for you?
Contact regular
visitors to your home, such as friends and family to let them know that you are
shielding and that they should not visit you during this time unless they are
providing essential care for you. Essential care includes things like help with
washing, dressing, or feeding.
If you receive
regular health or social care from an organisation, either through your local
authority or paid for by yourself, inform your care providers that you are
shielding and agree a plan for continuing your care.
If you receive
essential care from friends or family members, speak to your carers about extra
precautions they can take to keep you safe. You may find this guidance on home care provision useful.
Speak to your
carers about backup plans for your care in case your main carer is unwell and
needs to self-isolate. If you need help
with care but you’re not sure who to contact, or if you do not have family or
friends who can help you, you can contact your local council who will be able
to help you and assess any social care needs you might have. Please visit gov.uk/coronavirus-extremely-vulnerable to register for support that you need.
What is the advice for informal carers who provide care for someone who
is extremely vulnerable?
If you are caring for
someone who is extremely vulnerable due to severe illness from COVID-19, there
are some simple steps that you can take to protect them and to reduce their
risk at the current time. Ensure you
follow advice on good hygiene.
- only care that is essential should be
provided
- wash your hands on arrival and often, using
soap and water for at least 20 seconds or use hand sanitiser.
- cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or
your sleeve (not your hands) when you cough or sneeze
- put used tissues in the bin immediately and
wash your hands afterwards
- do not visit or provide care if you are
unwell and make alternative arrangements for their care
- provide information on who they should call
if they feel unwell, how to use NHS111 online coronavirus service and leave the
number for NHS 111 prominently displayed
- find out about different sources of support
that could be used and accessing further advice on creating a contingency plan
is available from Carers UK
- look after your own well-being and physical
health during this time. Further
information on this is available.
How do you look
after your mental well-being?
Social isolation,
reduction in physical activity, unpredictability and changes in routine can all
contribute to increasing stress. Many
people including those without existing mental health needs may feel anxious
about this impact including support with daily living, ongoing care
arrangements with health providers, support with medication and changes in
their daily routines.
If you are
receiving services for your mental health, learning disability or autism and
are worried about the impact of isolation please contact your keyworker/care
coordinator or provider to review your care plan. If you have additional needs, please contact
your key worker or care coordinator to develop a safety or crisis plan.
Understandably, you
may find that shielding and distancing can be boring or frustrating. You may find your mood and feelings are
affected and you may feel low, worried or have problems sleeping and you might
miss being outside with other people.
At times like
these, it can be easy to fall into unhealthy patterns of behaviour which in
turn can make you feel worse. There are
simple things you can do that may help, to stay mentally and physically active
during this time such as:
- look for ideas of exercises you can do at
home on the NHS website
- spend time doing things you enjoy – this
might include reading, cooking, other indoor hobbies or listening to favourite
radio programmes or watching TV
- try to eat healthy, well-balanced meals,
drink enough water, exercise regularly, and try to avoid smoking, alcohol and drugs
- try spending time with the windows open to
let in the fresh air, arranging space to sit and see a nice view (if possible)
and get some natural sunlight, or get out into any private space, keeping at
least 2 metres away from your neighbours and household members if you are
sitting on your doorstep
- Constantly watching the news can make you
feel more worried. If you think it is
affecting you, try to limit the time you spend watching, reading, or listening
to media coverage of the outbreak. It
may help to only check the news at set times or limiting this to a couple of
times a day.
- Try to focus on the things you can control,
such as your behaviour, who you speak to and who you get information from. Every Mind Matters provides simple tips and advice to start
taking better care of your mental health.
-
If you are
struggling with your mental health. Please
see the NHS mental health and wellbeing advice website for self-assessment,
audio guides and tools that you can use. If you are still struggling after several
weeks and it is affecting your daily life, please contact NHS
111 online. If you have no internet access, you should
call NHS 111.
What steps can you take to stay connected with family and friends during
this time?
Draw on support you
might have through your friends, family and other networks during this time. Try to stay in touch with those around you
over the phone, by post, or online. Let
people know how you would like to stay in touch and build that into your
routine. This is also important in
looking after your mental wellbeing and you may find it helpful to talk to them
about how you are feeling if you want to.
Remember it is okay
to share your concerns with others you trust and in doing so you may end up
providing support to them too. Or you
might want try an NHS recommended helpline.
What is the advice for people living in long-term care facilities,
either for the elderly or persons with special needs?
The advice also
applies to extremely vulnerable persons living in long-term care facilities. Care providers should carefully discuss this
advice with the families, carers and specialist doctors caring for such persons
to ensure this guidance is strictly adhered to.
What is the advice for parents and schools with extremely vulnerable
children?
The advice also
applies to extremely vulnerable children in mainstream and special schools.